模板（模板...）

模板是行为设计​​模式之一，抽象类定义了一组执行其方法的方式/模板。

它的子类可以重写/实现这些方法，但调用方式与抽​​象类定义的方式相同

让我们通过一个例子来理解这一点：

关键概念
模板：定义算法的结构/方式/模板的抽象类
具体实现：模板的具体实现
客户端：将使用此模板的客户端

public abstract class gametemplate{
    //these below methods can be overridden based on the type of game
    public abstract void initialize();
    public abstract void startplay();
    public abstract void  endplay();

    //all the subclasses must use this same method to play the game i.e. following the same template present in this method,
    //hence it is declared as final.
    public final void play(){
        initialize();
        startplay();
        endplay();
    }
}

public class cricket extends gametemplate{


    @override
    public void initialize(){
        system.out.println("cricket has been initialized");
    }
    @override
    public void startplay(){
        system.out.println("cricket game has been started");
    }
    @override
    public void endplay(){
        system.out.println("cricket game has ended");
    }

}

public class football extends gametemplate{

    @override
    public void initialize(){
        system.out.println("football has been initialized");
    }
    @override
    public void startplay(){
        system.out.println("football game has been started");
    }
    @override
    public void endplay(){
        system.out.println("football game has ended");
    }

}

public class main{
    public static void main(string args[]){

        //create a football game object 
        gametemplate football = new football();
        football.play();// play() will strictly follow the sequence of method execution defined in the final play() method

        gametemplate cricket = new cricket();
        cricket.play();
    }
}

输出：

Football has been initialized
Football game has been started
Football game has ended
Cricket has been initialized
Cricket game has been started
Cricket game has ended

注意：代码遵循lsp、isp、srp、ocp等所有设计原则

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